Quantum Jumps: Schrödinger’s Objections and the Contemporary Points of View

Authors : Sotirios Sakkopoulos

DOI : doi.org/10.47752/sjsr.44.104.107

Abstract:
In 1913, when Bohr’s atom allowed electron jumps between discrete orbits, it was impossible to experiment on single atoms and study individually these jumps. Many people considered them not real, but something artificial for the explanation of the linear spectra of atoms. Especially Schrödinger rejected the image of negatively charged electrons orbiting around the nucleus and in particular their jumps from orbit to orbit. Finally, in 1986 single atoms (ions) laser cooled and confined in an electromagnetic trap gave the possibility to investigate experimentally electron jumps to and fro a metastable state. Recently, physicists experimenting on a macroscopic superconducting circuit with discrete quantum states analogous to a natural atom were able to halt and reverse quantum jumps mid-flight revealing very interesting details of them.

A Solution to Tough Logging Conditions (Lwf): Intro to Tough Logging Conditions, Logging While Fishing, Operation Procedure and Conditions

Authors : G. Bob Williams ; Purabi Bora ; Omprakash Sahu

DOI : doi.org/10.47752/sjsr.44.95.103

Abstract:
This review work summarised new generation logging techniques such Tough Logging Conditions (TLC) & Logging While Fishing (LWF) and their advancement in drilling operations. The production of Oil & gas from the stage of exploration to production should need a lot of data for economic and safe operations. The conditions of the sub-surface cannot be simply predicted unless with some measured parameters under the LOGGING term. Logging is defined as a continuous record of Petro’s physical parameters of rock against time and depth. Instead of conventional logging techniques of wireline such as SP, Gamma-ray, Neutron, Calliper log, etc, logging while drilling, logging while fishing set them aside of their extended applications. Logging while Fishing is a new generation technology that allows unfailing operations of logging tool by a special installation even in cut and thread operation also aids economic and time enhancement. Tough logging conditions are a technique applied either when the hole has highly deviated or when you need to control the position of a tool. This project includes the study and interpretation of above discussed new generation logs. These tools offer all types of logging carried out on wireline except the SP logging. Logging while drilling provides real-time measurements of physical parameters while drilling operation itself which avoids an additional running of tools causing trips and sticking of drill pipe. The data is stored in the bottom assembled logging tool.

Developments of Mathematical-Physical Biology, Matrix Mechanics in Pharmacology, and Medicine with Time Sequences

Authors : Yi-Fang Chang

DOI : doi.org/10.47752/sjsr.44.85.94

Abstract:
First, some mathematical and physical developments of biology and medicine are discussed, including biofield and biological electromagnetics. Second, we research nonlinear biology and biotopology, in which some knots may describe the protein folding. Third, symbolic dynamics of biology and the extensive quantum biology are researched. Fourth, we study the biothermodynamics and entropy. In thermodynamics of pharmacology, the main effects of various drugs are to promote internal interactions in body, and entropy decrease. Further, we introduce the diagnostic space, treatment space and some medicinal vectors, and propose the matrix mechanics of pharmacology. Finally, we research biology, medicine and pharmacology with time sequences. If we master the medication time, this will be able to get the minimum amount of medication, and the drugs can play the maximum treatment effect. If period is accurate, it can determine the time of play, negotiations, attack, etc. But, period of each individual should be change follow age, etc. This is a very valuable research.