Sumerianz Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary

    
Online ISSN: 2617-3077
Print ISSN: 2617-3131

Quarterly Published (4 Issues Per Year)

Journal Website: https://www.sumerianz.com/?ic=journal-home&journal=30

Archive

Volume 3 Issue 6 (2020)

Spoilage Organisms in Smoked Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) from Different Sources

Authors : Daramola J. A. ; Olumuyiwa E. O. ; Omo-Emevor P. O.
Abstract:
This study was designed to establish the microbiological safety and suitability for human consumption of the cold-smoked Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua retailed in Oju-Ore, Sango, Iyana-Iyesi and Oja-Oba markets in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. The fish samples were randomly purchased from the four markets and analysed for Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC), Staphylococcal count and Fungi count using Nutrient agar, Plate count agar (PCA), MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar (MSA) and Potato Dextrose Agar. Samples were stored in wire baskets and examined for the presence of bacteria and fungi on day 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16. The highest mean values were TVC, 5.7 X 106 CFU/g; TCC, 6.4 X 104 CFU/g and Staphy. Count, 7.9 X 103 CFU/g in the smoked Cod from Oja-Oba market, on day 16 of storage at ambient conditions.  There were no fungal counts in all the smoked Gadus morhua samples from the four markets on day 1. However, from the 4th day, there were traces of fungi from 0.4 X 102 CFU/g in samples from Oju-Ore to 4.6 X 102 CFU/g on day 12 in samples from Oja-Oba market. By the 16th day, moulds have completely covered the smoked fish and it was too numerous to count (TNC). Also, through biochemical characterization, some bacterial isolates from the smoked fish were identified. Generally, smoked Cod from Oju-Ore had the best quality and least mean values of the microbial parameters, followed by that of Sango, Iyana-Iyesi and the highest values were the smoked fish from Oja-Oba markets. It was, however, recommended that the application of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles be introduced to the local fish processors, putting their literacy level into consideration for them to be able to understand and imbibe the concept of the practice.

Pages: 80-84

Is Ending Hunger and Achieving Food Security in Cameroon Possible by 2030?

Authors : Egoh Modi Aziz
Abstract:
Cameroon intends to terminate hunger, achieve food security and strive for better nutrition by 2030. The aim of this article is to critically examine the possibility of the government of Cameroon to achieve this vision by 2030. It is informed by three objectives. First, it looks at the current challenges faced by the government of Cameroon in accomplishing her mission. Second, it assesses whether the current atmosphere of insecurity can be a hindrance to the government’s plan in effecting this task. Third, it suggests some evidence-informed policies that can better speed up the government’s plan towards realizing the task. The study was informed by a severe review of literature. It also gathered data from primary online sources and reports from some relevant organizations. After a thorough review of these sources, we settle down with the conclusion that the government of Cameroon’s intention to terminate hunger and achieve food security by 2030 cannot be fully realized without first addressing the current insecurity challenges plaguing the Far North, the East, and the two Anglophone regions, and that part of the remedy is to ensure that peace and justice is reinstated in the country. We also arrived at some recommendations which can be of tremendous help to the government. One such proposition is that the government of Cameroon need to change her economic structure by revolutionizing the agricultural sector from primary to secondary, which if properly followed up can bring about a more advanced industrial sector. An advanced agro-industrial sector will catalyse the transformation process and impact on production levels thus leading to a more positive end towards the realization of ending hunger and attaining food security by 2030.

Pages: 74-79

Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition of Rothmannia Longiflora Seed

Authors : Muhammad M. U. ; Faruq U. Z. ; Sani N. A. ; Baki A. S. ; Garba U.
Abstract:
Many plant species, especially less-known and underutilized ones are evaluated for their medicinal application, nutritional profile and energy potentials. This study was aimed at evaluating the nutritional, anti-nutritional, medicinal as well as energy potentials of Rothmannia longiflora seeds. The results obtained from proximate analysis seeds were; Moisture content (7.17±0.58%), Ash content (8.67±0.29%), Crude lipid (24.87±0.76%), Crude protein (4.62±0.12%), Crude fiber (2.33±0.29%), Available carbohydrate (59.51±0.02%), Energy value (480.15kcal/100g), Organic matter (84.16±0.59%), Carbon content (48.87±0.14%), C/N (33.20) and Nitrogen content (0.74%). The mineral analysis showed potassium as being predominant with value (180.00±6.25mg/100g) followed by sodium (10.75±0.4mg/100g), Calcium (5.21±1.13mg/100g), Magnesium (4.22±1.33mg/100g) and Phosphorus(0.65±0.002mg/100g) in that order while remaining elements were found in trace concentrations. The anti-nutritional factors analysed were oxalate (0.0045±0.08mg/100g), phytate (4.65±0.082mg/100g), cyanide (0.086±0.00mg/100g), tannins (0.013±0.001mg/100g) and nitrate (1.54±0.001mg/100g). The phytochemical constituents of the seed oil however revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, carotenoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides while showing absence of tannins, phlobatannins, phenols and anthraquinones. The results of the study indicated that Rothmannia longiflora seeds could be a good source of lipids, mineral elements and could as well find application in energy while the seed oil could also be an important material for traditional medicine and other industrial purposes.

Pages: 66-73

Morphological, Phonological and Yield Attributes of Maize (Zea mays L.) as Affected by Different Sowing Methods Intra-Row Spacing and Varieties at Gash Scheme

Authors : Ibrahim Elsadig Ibrahim ; Mohmadain Babikir Elhussan ; Atif ElsadigIdris ; Abdel-Salam KamilAbdel-Salam ; Bader Eldin Abdel-Gadir Ahmed ; AbdellahElhassan Youcif
Abstract:
To check the performance of maize under various sowing methods, intra-row spacing and varieties, two experiments were conducted at Kassala Research Station Experimental farm atTakroof during two successive 2015and 2016seasons. The experiment was carried out in RCBD, with three replications, arranged in split-split trail, with the sowing methods at the main plot, the intra-row spacing at the sub plot and the varieties at the sub-sub plot. Three sowing Methods (SM) were (Ridge, Flat and Local Framers’ Methods) and three intra-row spacing (20, 30, and 40cm) and three maize varieties(Hudeiba-1,Hudeiba-2 and variety113). Results of morphological and phonological attributes showed that, ridge sowing method significantly affected population density (42.0) and plant height (177.5cm).While flat SM significantly affected 50% Silking (57.6 days). Also, variety 113 significantly affected population density (39.9) and leaf area index (1.99). While intra-row spacing of 20 cm affected population density(48.1,) gave seed yield of (1732 kg/ha). Also,40 cm significantly affected plant height (191.2cm). 30cm significantly affected 50% tasselling of (59.9 days) and 50% silking of (63.8 days). But 30 cm affected leaf area index (2.06 and 1.92).  Accordingly, Variety113, grown on ridge and with intra-row spacing of 30 cm gave the highest maize grain yield in Gash Scheme.

Pages: 62-65