Sumerianz Journal of Scientific Research

    
Online ISSN: 2617-6955
Print ISSN: 2617-765X

Quarterly Published (4 Issues Per Year)

Journal Website: https://www.sumerianz.com/?ic=journal-home&journal=29

Archive

Volume 1 Issue 2 (2018)

ABC Analysis of Industrial Process in the Electronic Industry of Mexicali

Authors : Francisco Ramirez Moreno ; Sebastian Velarde Córdova ; Hector Alejandro Pelaez Molina ; Homero Jaime Rodríguez Centeno ; Sandra Luz Toledo Perea
Abstract:
In the manufacturing processes of the electronics industry developed by electrical and electronic equipment and systems, there are variations that indicate the different types of causes that may manifest themselves. These changes in the operating specifications of industrial machinery can happen because electrical failures sometimes occur continuously or in certain daily, weekly and monthly periods. The analysis are carried out at this time mainly to know the operational performance (RO) of the equipment and systems of companies of the electronic turn. This generates imbalances in the planning activities in the programming of the different types of products that are manufactured and with it the decrease of manufactured units and in the majority of the times, economic losses occur. Being the city of Mexicali, a region of the northwest of Mexico where they are installed great amount of industrial plants of the electronic branch, a study with the objective of determining the main causes of the generation of electrical faults of the industrial machinery was developed. The most important tool used was the "ABC Graph" with the information obtained from the operation of the equipment and systems of an electronic branch company located in Mexicali, where it was observed that the RO was lower in the winter season. This occurred due to the deterioration of electrical connections and connectors of industrial equipment and systems due to the presence of atmospheric corrosion on their metal surfaces, which are mainly made of copper material. This electrochemical phenomenon occurs in interiors of the electronics industry, when the relative humidity (RH) and temperature levels are greater than 80% and 35 ° C combined with concentrations of sulfides that exceed air quality standards at certain times of the year. The study was developed in the period from 2016 to 2017.

Pages: 58-69

To Create Artificial Lightning by Laser System through Air Craft in the Atmospheric Clouds Initiation Endothermic Reaction, In A Way of Natural   Lightning Phenomena for Artificial Rainmaking, In the Atmosphere

Authors : Shivshankar K. Chopkar ; D. K. Chakrabarty
Abstract:
In the atmosphere, after lightning, precipitation is formed and heavy rainfall occurs. This is a well known process. This natural lighting phenomena has been practically demonstrated in the laboratory cloud chamber, as “Laser-induced condensation & water drops formation” and “Water drops formation by each and every laser shots in the cloud chamber”. In this process, lightning/laser creates high temperature which breaks the bonds of N2 and O2 to form excited N* and excited O*. These excited N* and excited O* move to new place by wind and undergo reactions to form NO and O3 which are endothermic reactions. Heat energy required for these reactions are taken from the surrounding atmospheric clouds. As a result, these reactions will produce, temperature falls, condensation takes place, seeding and rain in analogous way as rain is created in nature by lightning. This process has been practically proved in the laboratory as “production of ozone and nitrogen oxides by laser filamentation”. It is believed that “Laser photons photo-dissociate atmospheric compounds N2 and O2 and form ozone and nitrogen molecules “NO”. Increase of O3 and NO concentration after lightning has also been experimentally observed. That this lightning phenomenon created through artificial lightning by plasma laser pulse or laser system can produce rain in the atmosphere has been practically proved. “Laser-induced water condensation in air”. Scientists have succeeded in obtaining raindrops from an altitude of 45 to 75m of the atmosphere by terawatt mobile laser. IRRA Scientist Group, propose laser system of specification   is 1012watt, 800nm, 500m J, 120fs and 10Hz  for this research project to create artificial lightning  which initiation endothermic reactions, in a way of Natural Lightning Phenomena for artificial rainmaking, in the atmosphere. As a result, these reactions will produce, temperature falls, condensation takes place, seeding and rain in analogous way as rain is created in nature by lightning. This process has been practically proved in the laboratory and atmosphere as“production of ozone and nitrogen oxides by laser filamentation” . It should work when more than 65% humidity is available in the atmosphere. Our findings could be used by scientists and engineers to create new method for making artificial rain; the results could be of immense benefit to human being. Following are the two patents on this topic. * International Publication Patent No :-- WO/2008/062441 and Revised International Application No.PCT/IN2017/000105. * Indian Patent Number :– 238000 and  Revised  Indian Patent File Number  201721008920.

Pages: 52-57

Dynamics of Activity of Aspartate Aminotransferase in Blood Plasma of Goats During Pregnancy

Authors : Sh. A. Topchiyeva
Abstract:
In the work presented, data on the activity of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase in the blood plasma of domestic goats during pregnancy are given. Determination of the activity of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase was performed spectrophotometrically on a Specol 1500 Analitik Jena (USA) spectrophotometer using the method of Bergmeyer H.U., Hoder M., Rej R. The optical density of the samples was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm. The activity of aminotransferases was also determined by the improved Raitman method proposed by Kolb VG, Kamyshnikov VS and Osadchaya L.M. AST enzyme activity in the blood plasma during the first third of pregnancy was 85,50 ± 5,25 U/L. In the second third of pregnancy AST activity averaged 95,20 ± 3,36 U/L. U/L. During the final third of pregnancy, decrease of AST activity in goat blood plasma was recorded, averaging 72,00 ± 1,98 U/L. Thus, a significant decrease in ACT activity was determined in the last third of the gestation period compared to the first and second third. The results obtained can serve for better understanding of the biochemical processes in pregnant goats, to assess their physiological status and diagnostic purposes.

Pages: 48-51

The Significance of Ad-hoc Network Over Traditional Networks: A Review of Latest Evolutions

Authors : Mohammed Nazeh Abdulwahid
Abstract:
The idea of an Ad-hoc network is often unaccustomed to end users who have only seen small housing or business networks that use a typical router to send wireless signals to individual computers, the ad hoc network is being used quite a bit in new types of wireless engineering, although until recently it was a rather esoteric idea. For example, the vehicular ad hoc network, includes placing communication devices in cars. Another kind of ad hoc network, a mobile ad hoc network includes mobile devices communicating directly with one another. Both of these are examples of ad hoc networks that use a large collection of individual devices to easily communicate without a kind of top-down or hierarchical communication structure. The point out that for small local area networks, ad hoc networks can be inexpensive to build because they don’t need as much hardware. However, others make the point that a large number of devices can be hard to manage without a larger and more concrete infrastructure. Tech leaders are looking at ways to allow more practically network functionality with these peer-to-peer networks.

Pages: 41-47

Characterization and Environmental Assessment of Leachates Generated Around Solid Waste Disposal Sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Authors : Nwankwoala H. O. ; Onukogu V. K.
Abstract:
In this study, the leachate characterization is defined from different dumpsites in some parts of Port Harcourt, namely Choba, Igwuruta and Rumuomei.  Leachate samples were collected from the three locations of dumpsites and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters. The results were compared with the world health organization (WHO) standard and Nigerian standard for drinking water quality. It was observed that the pH, Phosphates, Sulphates, Zinc and Cupper were within Nigerian regulatory standard while EC, Cl, BOD, COD, Pb, Fe, Mn and Cr exceeded the standard. The heavy metals content of leachate samples obtained from the laboartory analysis included Copper (cu), Zinc (zn), Iron (Fe), Managenese (Mn), Chromium (Cr). Copper has a range of -0.067 to 0.192mg/l, with mean value of 0.019mg/l. The mean falls below the WHO standard of 1.0mg/l. The relative low values of heavy metal obtained may be attributed to dumping of muncipal waste and small percentage of industrial wastes. Zinc concentration of the lechaete sample range from 0.113 to -0.2.38mg/l, with a mean value of -0.126mg/l, which falls below the WHO standard of 5mg/l. The concentration of Zn depicts the dumping of batteries and flourescent lamps in the dumpsite. Lead has a range of 0.027 to 1.440mg/l with a mean value of 0.062mg/l. The quantity of lead, is attributed to presence of lead related waste such as batteries, paints and photograph processing chemical in the dumpsites. Iron has a range of 8.916 to 13.27mg/l with a mean value of 10.84mg/l. The high level of iron in the leachte samples may indicate presence of iron and steel scraps waste in the dumpsite. Managense concentration range  1.796- 4.117 mg/l. Chromiun has a range of 0.04-0.588mg/l, with a mean value of 0.351mg/l. The presence of microbes are indicated in the value of Total coliform (TC), Total heterotrophic bacterial (THB), Total heterogenous fungi (THF),which exceed the value of WHO standard. Goverment has a huge responsiblilty in funding , enacting laws, providing  and maintainace of necessary infrastructure for environmental sound collection, transportation and disposal, through the Rivers State Waste Management Agency (RIWAMA). Goverment and waste agency should promote educational and awareness program for the citizens as well as in schools to inculcate an attitude on waste prevention, seperation of waste at source, and other environmentally sound municipal waste management approach.

Pages: 34-40